汉语和英语给“鼠”的含义,有个大同之点: 把胆的大小同它联系在一起。或者说,同汉语(如“胆小如鼠”)一样,英语中“鼠”亦反映着“胆小”这个特征。例如,据WNWD词典。“mouse” 有“timid person”一解,“mousy” 则有“timid”一解。
但尽管如此,英语中似乎还没有以鼠的器官喻“胆小”的。如“胆小如鼠”,林语堂编的《当代汉英词典》英语作“cowardly as a mouse”;据参考了林语堂词典的《汉英词典》,则尽管“胆小”的译名“timid”和“cowardly”兼而有之, 但“胆小如鼠”的译名中却不用“cowardly”而只用 “timid”了,其不同林语堂一般见识着实值得钦佩。不过,能集大成者,倒还是李学禧编的《汉英成语和常用语》——不避什么嫌疑,把“timid”和“cowardly”兼收并蓄,把“胆小如鼠”译成 “as cowardly (timid) as a mouse”。
由上可见,英语只用“鼠”本身喻“胆小”,而没有以“鼠胆” (mouse-galled)喻胆小的。但按英语习惯,却不妨用鸡的“心”成“肝”来比喻胆小。以鸡心喻胆小(“chicken-hearted”),已见
《汉英词典》,自无须再说。但另有一喻,是以鸡肝喻胆小(“chicken-livered”),则虽不见于该词典却是见诸于语言实践的:
“Wouldn't a man who had the nerve to commit murder have the nerve to sit still afterward ?”
“Depends, Depends. I know criminals. Chicken-livered, most of them. He thought he was suspected, and lie bolted.”
—Agatha Christie: Three Act Tragedy, 1935, p. 52
天津翻译公司